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STORIES OF THE BLACK CHAMBER

black_chamber_mv_rendez black_chamber_ra_sotbc
 
Full Name: Bradley Drake
Nationality: American
Organization: MI8
Occupation Agent

Creator: Herbert O. Yardley, Tom Curtin
Time Span: 1935 - 1935

ABOUT THE SERIES

Stories from the Black Chamber are just that.

They are four adventures taking place which reveal the efforts of a small, highly select and gifted team of counter-espionage agents who also were trained in the new science of cryptology.

[Note: the Black Chamber is the unofficial name for the Cipher Bureau, a division of the State Department which specialized in breaking the codes used by foreign governments and also in letting American governmental agencies know how easily their own codes could be deciphered. According the NSA website's history of the organization, it grew out of the void left when the Army, at the end of WWI, faced with massive budget cuts, closed down its radio listening division and thus its code-breaking operations. To continue the needed work of monitoring what other nations, such as the defeated Germany as well as the growing concern with Japanese expansion plans, State worked with the Army to create the Cipher Bureau, sharing the costs. Once going, though, the Army saw that very little of what was being produced had anything of interest to it so it cut its portion of the funding to next to zero, leaving State to foot the bill.

Chosen to head this new organization was Herbert Yardley, 'formerly a code clerk for the Department of State, recently a major in command of MI-8, Military Intelligence's wartime cryptologic section'. 'Based on his leadership during and immediately after the war, Yardley was selected as chief of this unprecedented organization. He assembled a staff and began operations -- in New York City! There were a number of sound bureaucratic reasons for locating the Cipher Bureau outside Washington, not least of which was the location in New York of several cable companies with international connections. America's first civilian intelligence agency began work in the Big Apple disguised as a company that compiled commercial codes for banks and businesses. Yardley later claimed that the Cipher Bureau solved the systems of two dozen foreign countries. Many of the records of the organization no longer exist, so it is impossible to verify all his claims.

When in 1929 Herbert Hoover became President, he named as his Secretary of State Henry Stimson. It would be Stimson who 'spoke the single most famous sentence ever uttered about codes and ciphers: "Gentlemen do not read other gentlemen's mail."' He closed down the Cipher Bureau. Yardley would be quoted later as saying it was for moralistic reasons only and even Stimson did not argue that point. While Stimson would later, during WWII when he was Secretary of War, make considerable use of decrypted intelligence, he apparently still found it abhorrent for use in peacetime.]

There is very little information available about the 'version' of the Black Chamber depicted in the four episodes which comprised this radio program.

We know that it is run by a man named Bradley Drake. [Apparently thought, though unproven, Drake was fictionalized Yardley.] He had a right hand man known only as Steve. Drake also had a secretary named Betty Lee Andrew who played a large role in the activities of the Black Chamber. Finally, there was an older fellow working in the chemistry department of the organization named Gus Kramer, a fellow who occasionally provided the team with sound advice.

One of the best descriptions of this series comes from Radio Crime Fighters by Jim Cox. He writes: "Charged with revealing top-secret communications that might guarantee the extension of a free world, Bradley Drake presided over operations of the Black Chamber. Chemicals were employed in the highly advanced facility to decode covert messages issued by nations both friendly and unfriendly to the United States." He adds, "One of his most urgent challenges was to put global master spy Paradine out of business. Joyce Carraway, Paradine's assistant, helped the unscrupulous villain in his mission to thwart detection by the Black Chamber."

MOVIES

Number of Movies:1
First Appearance:1935
Last Appearance:1935

The movie mentioned below is not directly connected to the radio series that is the emphasis of this page. However, since it is based on, and makes use of, Herbert Yardley's non-fiction boon American Black Chamber as did the radio series, it is added here for its relevance.

Considerable press seems to have gone in to promote this movie.

One city's newspaper stated, "Many varied mystery pictures have reached the screen, but none with the bizarre plot around which MGM's Rendezvous, which opened today ... has woven."

This article, and ones like it in many newspapers across the nation, talked of how "the studio summoned Major Herbert O. Yardley to the Pacific Coast to aid in the production of Rendezvous and rip the cloak of secrecy from secret ink. It was Major Yardley, as head of the American Black Chamber during the war, who destroyed the enemy's line of secret communication, and it was he who wrote the sensational Black Chamber story upon which the picture is based."

One interesting article I read (from The Buffalo News, July 1935) talked of how the plot of the movie had at one point was to have included a segment about an attempted poisoning of President Wilson during a trip to Paris. MGM officials balked at the inclusion and a different line was taken.


1 Rendezvous Rendezvous
aka The Black Chamber
Director: William K. Howard
Writers: Bella Spewack, Sam Spewack, P. J. Wolfson, George Oppenhiemer
Actors: William Powell as Lr. Bill Gordon, Rosalind Russell as Joel Carter, Binnie Barnes as Olivia Kerloff, Lionel Atwill as Major William Brennan, Cesar Romero as Captain Nicholas Nieterstein
Released: 1935

IMdB writes: "Powell plays an American cryptologist who tangles with German spies while falling in love."

RADIO / AUDIO


Number of Episodes:4
First Appearance:1935
Last Appearance:1935
Network:NBC

REGULAR CAST
Jack ArthurBradley Drake [ 1-4 ]
Helen ClaireBetty Lee Andrew [ 1-4 ]
Gale GordonParadine [ 1 ]

According to an article written by James F. Widner, copyrighted 2005, available on the website for Old-Time Radio Researcher: [In 1934] advertising agency McCann-Erickson, Inc. was looking for ... a vehicle for one of their clients, The Forhan Company, a manufacturer of products including tooth powder and paste. They found it in a juvenile series put together by Tom Curtain (sic) called Stories of the Black Chamber. The series was based loosely on a book by Herbert Osborne Yardley called The American Black Chamber."

The show ran largely three days a week in the afternoon in serialized format such that each 15-minute (minus commercials at the beginning and end) episode was part of one long story. Each story would thus take several weeks to play out.

There were only three complete stories produced. The fourth one had only just started (maybe a week or two) when the sponsor pulled its support and the show ended.


1 Secret Ink
Episode S1, first aired 01/21/1935
Writer: D. Thomas Curtin

Recounts the efforts of  Bradley Drake and his team from the Black Chamber to discover the facts about Germany's 'secret ink' formula used to hide important messages.

2 The Spy Exchange
Episode S2, first aired 03/11/1935
Writer: D. Thomas Curtin

"... based on the operation during the world war of an international clearing house which peddles stolen governmental secrets to the highest bidder."

3 The Girl From Soho
Episode S3, first aired 05/01/1935
Writer: D. Thomas Curtin

"... will deal with the period just prior to and immediately following this country's entrance into the World War." "... dealing with intensive espionage and counter-espionage in Germany, England, Holland, and America.

4 The Eagle's Claw
Episode S4, first aired 1935
Writer: D. Thomas Curtin

[plot unknown] - Apparently not much of this story was aired before the sponsor pulled out and the show was cancelled.

REFERENCE BOOKS

Number of Books:1
First Appearance:1931
Last Appearance:1931

The story behind the reference book, The American Black Chamber, is almost as fascinating as the details inside the covers.

Herbert O. Yardley had been a major in the U.S. Army during the First World War. His love and expertise in telegraphy was matched by his fascination and tremendous skill at breaking codes. Since the German army made considerable use of ciphers in its telegraph messages, Yardley and his team, designated Military Intelligence 8 or MI8, helped the Army quite a bit when they were assigned the job of intercepting these encrypted messages and breaking the codes used.

Come the end of the War, the Army downsized dramatically and Yardley's MI8 was disbanded. However, Yardley convinced the State Department to fund a new government agency called the Cipher Bureau, aka the Black Chamber. This it did with Yardley running that show as well from its creation around 1919 to its closure by new Secretary of State Harold Stimson in 1929.

To say that Yardley was miffed to be out of work would be putting it mildly. Filled with a ton of knowledge and anecdotes and wanting to find a way to make a living, Yardley put down on paper a ton of information on the breaking of codes used by all nations. Inside it was a wealth of intelligence about intelligence and since it was written by an Intelligence man, it was immediately successful.

It was also considerably reviled, especially in the halls of governments which felt a lot of embarrassment at what was revealed as well as annoyance (to put it mildly) at seeing its successes and failures made known. Interestingly, there was at the time absolutely no law that made the disclosure of methods and practices like Yardley did a crime. People at State and Justice apparently wanted something done but legally there was no avenue.

At least not until Congress was called upon and it passed a law making such disclosure a crime. A second non-fiction book written by Yardley but not yet published, detailing Japanese code and cipher activity was, from the stories told of that time, suddenly forbidden by law to be released. This, from what I read, made it the first and possibly only book especially targeted by Congress for censorship.

Note that with this line of employment now prohibited by Congress, Yardley was forced to seek other avenues to make a living and he would, after a time, move into the fiction-telling business. A two-book series also based on the Black Chamber but about a man named Nathaniel Greenleaf would be written and should be considered a sister-series to this one. A movie, detailed in the Movie section here, came out, and, of course, the radio series of this page came at the same time.


1 The American Black Chamber The American Black Chamber
Written by Herbert O. Yardley
Copyright: 1931

According to Wikipedia: "The book describes the inner workings of the interwar American governmental cryptography organization called the Black Chamber. The cryptography historian David Kahn called the book 'the most famous book on cryptology ever published'. By describing the inner workings of the organization, the book created large interest and heightened public awareness of the United States' cryptographic abilities. In particular, the Japanese government became aware of the extent of experience that the American government had with cryptography and increased the strength of their own knowledge in cryptography in response."

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